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Euclid is a dark energy hunter, but its nets snagged 164 supernovae and their secrets.
Abstract
As part of the first data release (Q1) of the Euclid mission, a search was conducted for transients previously registered by other surveys. Cross-matching with the Transient Name Server (TNS) database yielded 164 matches, for 161 of which deep photometry was obtained in the I_E, Y_E, J_E, H_E bands. The observations cover various phases of the light curves — before, during, and after ground-based discoveries. In the I_E band, about 70% of transients discovered in the preceding half-year and brighter than 24th magnitude were detected. Among the notable results is one of the earliest near-infrared observations of a Type Ia supernova (SN 2024pvw) 15 days before maximum, as well as the late phase (435.9 days after peak) of the mysterious core-collapse supernova SN 2023aew. Deep photometry allows insights into the nature of the transients, their progenitor systems, and energy sources, with late-time observations providing unique information. Additionally, host galaxies were identified for objects previously considered hostless. The Q1 data demonstrate the power of even single-epoch Euclid observations, heralding significant discoveries in the future Wide Survey.
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The Euclid space telescope works like a security camera in a dark hangar: its job is to catch traces of an invisible force, тёмной энергии, that warps the universe. But instead, it spotted 164 bright sparks — сверхновые, explosions of dying stars. Scientists measured their glow in different colors (фотометрию) and saw something unexpected.
One supernova was caught 15 days before its peak, in the infrared range, where no one expected it. Another, defying the usual script, shone 436 days after the explosion, when other telescopes had already lost sight of it. Euclid’s infrared lens cuts through cosmic dust like a flashlight through fog, revealing галактики that were previously thought invisible — it’s precisely in them that these flashes were hiding.
Now, as the telescope begins surveying vast swaths of sky, the count of discoveries will soar into the thousands. The dark energy hunter is turning into a chronicler of stellar catastrophes.
🎯 Deep images from Euclid reveal galaxies where supernovae exploded, in places where ground-based telescopes saw only emptiness — as if a camera suddenly unveils an invisible house.
