Record Gamma-Ray Burst: 7 Hours of Invisible Light ✛

Original: "GRB 250702B: Discovery of a Gamma-Ray Burst from a Black Hole Falling into a Star"
arXiv:2509.22792 · 2025-09-26 · CC BY 4.0 · 1 min
Astronomers captured a record gamma-ray burst: it lasted nearly 7 hours — hundreds of times longer than usual.

A cosmic searchlight blazed for almost 7 hours — usually these flashes die out in seconds. Astronomers recorded the record-breaking gamma-ray burst GRB 250702B: its beam, made of the most energetic radiation, flickered and carried colossal energy. The source was a superheated jet, accelerated to nearly the speed of light, as if the searchlight were powered by a titanic accelerator. But old models couldn't explain such a long runtime. The solution came from a 'helium merger' scenario: a black hole plunged into a star almost entirely composed of helium and depleted of hydrogen. Once inside, the hole spun up the star and started devouring it from within, blasting out energy — the searchlight switched on at full blast. The star perished not in an ordinary stellar explosion (supernova), but with monstrous gamma radiation, simultaneously creating gravitational waves — ripples in space itself. The discovery links ultra-long bursts with the mightiest explosions of massive stars and shows that helium stars can swell before death. An unexpected twist: a black hole the size of a city powered a searchlight that outshone an entire galaxy.

The burst’s energy was so enormous that for those 7 hours, it outshone all the stars in its galaxy combined.

t_{ff} = \frac{\pi r^{3/2}}{2\sqrt{2GM}}
Characteristic time for matter to fall onto a black hole from radius r
t_{disk} = \frac{2\pi r_{disk}^{3/2}}{\alpha\sqrt{GM}} = \frac{2\pi j_{rot}^3}{\alpha G^2 M^2}
Viscous accretion time in an alpha disk, depending on angular momentum
Scientists
Stephen HawkingJacob BekensteinFritz ZwickyBernhard RiemannJoseph WeberKarl Schwarzschild
Concepts
gamma ray burst merger gamma-ray burst outburst central engine afterglow stellar explosion starburst black hole outburst swift satellite wolf rayet star blazar neutron star binary merger fermi telescope flare event galactic bulge helium flash magnetar pulsations in grb background radiation transient