A woven basket made of willow twigs holds its shape thanks to the interweaving. A similar pattern, triangles linked into a flat network, has been found in a new crystal with the formula Cs₃V₉Te₁₃. Here, vanadium atoms form two sets of triangles that pierce each other like threads in fabric.
This pattern is not just pretty: it forces electrons to move along special "flat" energy pathways. On such pathways, electrons lose their usual mobility and begin to strongly influence each other. As a result, the material becomes a magnet with unusual behavior: when cooled to 47 K (minus 226 °C), a spin-density wave emerges — an ordered magnetic state akin to ripples on water. Even higher, around 350 K, hints of short-range magnetic order appear, as if spins start to align but haven't yet fallen into formation.
Pressure also changes the material's character: by compressing the crystal, one can bring it to a quantum critical point — a state where the slightest perturbation switches properties. This resembles tuning a musical instrument: tighten the string a bit more, and the sound changes.
Such a crystal is a rare find. It combines flat energy bands, magnetism, and pressure sensitivity. Materials like this could be useful in future electronics, where precise control over electrons is crucial.
The kagome pattern formed by vanadium atoms appears in Japanese basket weaving and traditional ornaments. In physics, it is known for creating "flat" energy bands where electrons barely move but interact strongly.
In Greg Egan's novel Schild's Ladder, physicists explore exotic states of matter to build new technologies — somewhat akin to working with quantum-critical materials.