How a Black Hole’s Magnetic Tilt Creates Matter ⚡ экспресс
The birth of electron-positron pairs during vacuum breakdown around a Kerr black hole immersed in an asymptotically uniform magnetic field tilted with respect to the rotation axis is considered. The region where the induced electric field exceeds the critical value E_c = m_e^2 c^3/(eħ) is identified using electromagnetic invariants and takes the form of several lobes, whose number, size, and orientation depend on the tilt angle. The electromagnetic energy available for pair production is estimated, and a collimation factor connecting the proper energy of the dyadoregion with the observed isotropic energy is derived. The thermodynamic properties of the resulting electron-positron-photon plasma are investigated, and initial magnetic dominance is found. Calculation of the minimum required magnetic field shows that misaligned configurations favor pair production compared to aligned ones.
Many black holes are surrounded by magnetic fields. As it spins, the black hole drags curved spacetime along with it, like a machine's flywheel, and sets the cosmic factory in motion. When the magnetic field is tilted relative to the axis of rotation, the factory’s conveyor belt works especially efficiently — an electric field of incredible power is generated.
Dirac once suggested, and now it's confirmed: vacuum is not empty but teems with hidden pairs. When switched on, this field 'stamps' electrons and positrons out of the void, like parts from a sheet of metal. Here, the field’s tilt acts like a tool’s approach angle: the more precise the tilt, the greater the yield.
The newborn particles collide, forming a superheated plasma. This workshop heats to white-hot incandescence and produces a gamma-ray burst, sometimes linked to a supernova explosion — for a moment it outshines an entire galaxy. Scientists have discovered that in the first instants, the main driver of the process is not thermal chaos (entropy), but magnetic energy. Understanding this will help more accurately gauge the power of cosmic explosions.
🎯 To 'squeeze' particles from the void, the cosmic factory requires an electric field a million billion times more powerful than lightning.