How a Black Hole’s Magnetic Tilt Creates Matter ⚡ экспресс
The birth of particle pairs from the vacuum near black holes is considered the engine of cosmic gamma-ray bursts. The authors studied a rotating black hole in a uniform magnetic field tilted relative to the rotation axis. The vacuum breakdown region (where the electric field exceeds the critical value) takes the shape of lobes, whose number and size change with the tilt. Energy estimates showed that misalignment of the field and rotation enhances pair production — much like wind blowing at an angle to a sail creates more thrust.
Many black holes are surrounded by magnetic fields. As it spins, the black hole drags curved spacetime along with it, like a machine's flywheel, and sets the cosmic factory in motion. When the magnetic field is tilted relative to the axis of rotation, the factory’s conveyor belt works especially efficiently — an electric field of incredible power is generated.
Dirac once suggested, and now it's confirmed: vacuum is not empty but teems with hidden pairs. When switched on, this field 'stamps' electrons and positrons out of the void, like parts from a sheet of metal. Here, the field’s tilt acts like a tool’s approach angle: the more precise the tilt, the greater the yield.
The newborn particles collide, forming a superheated plasma. This workshop heats to white-hot incandescence and produces a gamma-ray burst, sometimes linked to a supernova explosion — for a moment it outshines an entire galaxy. Scientists have discovered that in the first instants, the main driver of the process is not thermal chaos (entropy), but magnetic energy. Understanding this will help more accurately gauge the power of cosmic explosions.
🎯 To 'squeeze' particles from the void, the cosmic factory requires an electric field a million billion times more powerful than lightning.