Dark Matter: Quantum Vortices Around Black Holes ⚡ экспресс
You can think of dark matter as a superfluid quantum fog that doesn’t thin out but gathers into giant droplets or swirling funnel shapes near black holes. Scientists have figured out what conditions keep these clumps and vortices stable instead of being torn apart by gravity. What if our own Galaxy floats in an ocean of invisible quantum vortices?
In the quantum world, dark matter particles can merge into a single superfluid droplet—a state where matter flows without friction, like an ideal fluid. When near a black hole, this droplet doesn’t just disappear into it but twists into stable vortices—like water swirling around a rock in a stream. Scientists found that the most stable ones are a dense central clump and a vortex encircling the hole. The latter can persist for years if the particles attract each other weakly: a balance of forces prevents it from falling apart.
The twist: these vortices affect the rotation of galaxies and even make the black hole wobble, generating a distinct “ringing” in gravitational waves—ripples in spacetime. And if the particles attract too strongly, the vortex collapses—scientists calculated a precise boundary for this collapse.
🎯 At ultralow temperatures, a special quantum fluid can behave as a single giant particle; when spun, it forms tiny tornado-like vortices—in labs, these are created using lasers.