A Spinning Star Puts Gravity to the Test ✎ express

Original: "Stellar rotation of S301 as a macroscopic gyroscope to test general relativity"
arXiv:2607.26134v1 · 2026-07-28 · arXiv non-exclusive · independent analysis · 1 min
The spin of star S301 near the black hole at the center of the Milky Way changes exactly as general relativity predicts.

📄 Showing the "Simple" version — "Popular" is not ready yet. Add it to favorites to help prioritize it.

At the very heart of the Milky Way, stars whirl around an invisible supermassive black hole. One of them, S301, completes an orbit in just 8.7 years. Its path is a highly squashed ellipse: sometimes it grazes the black hole, sometimes it shoots far away. At closest approach, the distance to the black hole is tiny by cosmic standards.

S301's orbit is so stretched that its eccentricity is 0.982. A perfect circle would have 0, a parabola exactly 1. This star is right on the edge.

Right there, at the brink of the abyss, space and time are so warped that the star's spin axis begins to slowly turn, like a spinning top that gets a nudge. This effect is called geodetic precession. The authors calculated how much the absorption line in the star's spectrum would shift due to this turn. If a new generation of spectrographs detects this shift, we'll have another confirmation that the curved spacetime around the black hole behaves exactly as Einstein predicted. The star itself becomes a flying gyroscope whose drift we can measure from Earth.

The maximum shift in rotational velocity that instruments could detect is 46.1 km/s — faster than the ISS travels.

S301's orbital period around the black hole is 8.7 years — shorter than Jupiter's 12-year orbit around the Sun, even though the black hole is millions of times more massive.

Scientists
Stephen HawkingJacob BekensteinFritz ZwickyBernhard RiemannJoseph WeberKarl Schwarzschild
Concepts
rotation period proper motion stellar rotation galactic center gravitational acceleration gravitational theory spin rate stellar orbit gyroscope neutron star spin gaia telescope lsst spacetime curvature geodesic equation Einstein field equations Lorentz transformations galaxy rotation curve general relativity schwarzschild metric gravitational radius