Dark Stars: Cradle of Giant Black Holes ⚡ экспресс
Dark stars, fueled by dark matter annihilation in the early universe, can through accretion reach masses in the range of 10^4–10^7 M⊙. At such masses, the general relativistic Feynman–Chandrasekhar instability sets in, leading to dynamical collapse into a black hole. Unlike ordinary stars, these objects avoid the typical evolution with nuclear burning and weak interactions, which would have caused them to disrupt long before attaining supermassive sizes. Remarkably, the proposed mechanism for forming supermassive black holes is robust to variations in the dark star’s initial mass, its epoch of formation, and the rate and history of accretion. The black holes formed in this way can serve as seed embryos for even more massive objects (>10^9 M⊙) detected at high redshifts.
Right after the Big Bang, unusual luminaries could be born — dark stars. Unlike the Sun, they didn’t burn nuclear fuel but fed on collisions of dark matter particles, which release energy. Like a snowball rolling downhill, such a star rapidly sucked in gas, gaining up to millions of solar masses. Its own gravity created enormous spacetime curvature, and the star collapsed into a black hole. This scenario was predicted by Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar and Richard Feynman: no internal pressure can stop such a collapse. This is likely how the seeds of supermassive black holes, which we see in the centers of galaxies, formed. Without dark stars, ordinary stars wouldn’t have had enough time to grow these giants in the young Universe. Amazing fact: a million-solar-mass dark star would stretch out to Pluto’s orbit, yet its surface would be colder than an incandescent light bulb.
🎯 A giant dark star would span the distance from the Sun to Pluto, yet its surface would give off less heat than a household light bulb — a stunning contrast between size and temperature.