Joshua N. Winn

Around TOI-4495, two planets orbit wrapped in thick gas blankets. Their orbits are almost tuned—two revolutions of the inner planet for one of the outer—but exact synchronization is absent. The elongated path of the inner planet persists for billions of years thanks to the unusual elasticity of its

Astronomers discovered exoplanet TOI-2195 A b – a hot Neptune with a mass 1.5 times that of Neptune, but a radius almost as large as Jupiter's. Orbital analysis suggests a likely polar orbit. Modeling indicates the planet may have formed as a cold Jupiter, losing up to 90% of its mass during highly