A massive galaxy cluster acts as a giant lens. Its gravity warps the fabric of space, and the light of distant objects, bending around this curvature, is amplified and split into multiple images.
After the Big Bang, the Universe was filled with cold gas — mostly neutral hydrogen and helium. It enveloped the cosmos like a morning fog, impenetrable to light. The Dark Ages began.
When the first galaxies ignited, their radiation, like a searchlight beam, started knocking electrons out of atoms.