Richard Freedman

Meticulous 14-year observations of three 'cotton-candy' exoplanets in Kepler-51 yielded an unexpected surprise. The James Webb Space Telescope recorded the outermost known planet crossing the star's disk two hours ahead of schedule. The anomaly was only explained by adding an invisible fourth planet

Astronomers analyzed data on the orphan planet WISE 0855 — a dim, cold ball not far away. For 11 hours, Webb watched its light, trying to spot the shadow of a moon. No direct discovery happened, but the method proved its worth. If many rogue planets have Titan-sized moons, we will soon find them.