A vehicle that uses one or more electric motors for propulsion, powered by batteries.An electric vehicle (EV) is a vehicle propelled by one or more electric motors, powered by rechargeable batteries or other energy storage devices. Unlike internal combustion engine vehicles, EVs produce no tailpipe emissions and are generally more energy-efficient. The concept is central to modern efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels, and it encompasses cars, buses, bikes, and even aircraft.
The first practical electric vehicles appeared in the 1880s, but they were overtaken by gasoline cars in the early 20th century due to cheap oil and better range. The modern revival began in the 1990s with the introduction of the GM EV1 and gained momentum with Tesla's Roadster in 2008.
EVs store electrical energy in a battery pack, typically lithium-ion, which supplies power to an electric motor that drives the wheels. The motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy with high efficiency—over 90%—compared to about 30% for gasoline engines. Regenerative braking captures kinetic energy during deceleration and feeds it back into the battery, extending range.
EVs are widely used in personal transportation, public transit, and logistics, and are increasingly integrated with renewable energy grids for charging.
The first electric vehicle to exceed 100 km/h was the 'La Jamais Contente' in 1899, setting a land speed record of 105.88 km/h.
