Yasuo Fukui

In a cold, dark cloud of gas where a star is just beginning to form, the ALMA telescope has spotted an unusual ring. It is made of gas that is warmer and denser than its surroundings. Such details were previously hidden because the gas at the cloud's center is opaque to ordinary observations.

A fire hose blasts into a snowdrift. The water doesn't just shove the snow aside — at the point of impact, spray, steam, and a roar are born. That's roughly how jets behave: narrow streams of matter shooting out from around a black hole at enormous speeds.

In the southern sky, behind a dense veil of dust, hides a source of gamma rays — the most energetic light in the Universe. It shines so brightly that it can be seen even through this veil, but the object itself remains invisible. Astronomers pointed the ALMA radio telescope at the neighboring gas clouds and saw a pattern that gave the invisible object away.