Yue Shen

One night in 2008, something in the core of the distant galaxy J1047+5907 flared sharply in X-rays. That's how the neighborhood of a supermassive black hole sometimes behaves: a scorching cloud of gas above it suddenly blasts out a powerful stream of light. The black hole itself emits nothing, but its surroundings can light up like a neon sign.

In 1963, Maarten Schmidt unraveled the nature of quasars — distant active nuclei outshining entire galaxies. Since then, we've learned that at their hearts lurk supermassive black holes, converting infalling matter into blinding light.

Modular satellites are built from cube-shaped blocks, like a construction toy. When struck by space debris, some blocks are destroyed, leaving a puncture. Engineers took inspiration from the way living tissue heals wounds. Surviving blocks detect disorder and trigger an alarm signal that travels at the speed of light through the entire structure.