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Klaus von Klitzing

1943– · condensed matter physics, quantum physics, metrology
German physicist, Nobel laureate for the discovery of the integer quantum Hall effect. This phenomenon demonstrated the quantization of electrical resistance in two-dimensional electron systems at low temperatures and strong magnetic fields, which became fundamental for metrology and the understanding of quantum states of matter. His work underlies modern quantum resistance standards.

Biography

Klaus von Klitzing was born on 28 June 1943 in Schrotta, Germany (now Poland). He studied physics at the Technical University of Braunschweig and received his doctorate from the University of Würzburg. He worked at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) and at the Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, where he later became director. In 1980, while conducting experiments with silicon MOSFETs, he discovered the quantization of the Hall resistance. For this discovery he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1985. He continues to be active in research and teaching.

Key discoveries

💡 The discovery of the quantum Hall effect happened by chance during a lunch break: von Klitzing decided to measure the resistance of a sample at a very low temperature and was amazed by the step-like behavior of the graph.
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Related tags
electromagnetismquantum measurement
Related laws
quantum Hall effect
Related scientists
James Clerk MaxwellShuji NakamuraJohn Stewart BellWilhelm WienAlbert A. MichelsonSerge HarocheDavid BohmCharles Bennett

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