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Joseph Fourier

1768–1830 · mathematics, physics, heat conduction theory, harmonic analysis
Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier is a French mathematician and physicist whose name is inextricably linked with harmonic analysis. His theory of Fourier series and transforms became a universal language for describing waves and oscillations, penetrating all corners of physics, engineering, and signal processing.

Biography

Born in Auxerre, orphaned early, educated at a military school. He participated in Napoleon's Egyptian campaign, heading the scientific part of the expedition. Upon returning, he became prefect of the Isère department but continued to intensively engage in science. In 1822, he published his magnum opus — 'The Analytical Theory of Heat'. He was elected a member of the French Academy of Sciences and awarded the Legion of Honour.

Key discoveries

💡 Fourier was a passionate advocate of heat: he believed that heat is good for health, constantly wrapped himself in clothing, and even in hot Egypt managed to wear a warm overcoat, earning the nickname 'the eccentric from Grenoble'.
"He considered that mathematical analysis of nature gives the ability to understand the secrets of the world."
Concepts
Fourier seriesFourier transforminterferometryspectroscopy
Laws
Fick's law
Scientists
Robert HookeJohann Jakob BalmerJocelyn Bell BurnellArno PenziasCharles TownesJames Clerk MaxwellErwin SchrödingerCecilia Payne-Gaposchkin

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