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Hendrik Lorentz

1853 – 1928 · Theoretical physics, Electrodynamics, Optics
Dutch physicist, one of the creators of classical electron theory, precursor to the theory of relativity. He developed the Lorentz transformations, which underlie the special theory of relativity, and explained the Zeeman effect, for which he received the Nobel Prize. His work on the electrodynamics of moving media paved the way for abandoning the concept of the ether.

Biography

Hendrik Antoon Lorentz was born in Arnhem, Netherlands. He studied at Leiden University, where he later became a professor. Founder of electron theory, he introduced the concept of discrete charges and their interaction with the electromagnetic field. In 1902, he shared the Nobel Prize in Physics with Pieter Zeeman for their research on the influence of magnetism on radiation (the Zeeman effect). He chaired the Solvay Congresses, and was friends and collaborated with Einstein. Foreign member of the Royal Society of London and many academies.

Key discoveries

💡 Lorentz was known for his extraordinary modesty and regularly corresponded with Einstein, who called him 'the greatest mind I have ever met.' In 1912, he declined a position at the University of Berlin to remain in Leiden.
"He called happy the one who could know the causes of things."
Concepts
speed of lightspectroscopy
Laws
principle of constancy of the speed of lightLorentz transformationsZeeman effectFaraday effect
Scientists
Henri PoincaréRobert HookeJohann Jakob BalmerJocelyn Bell BurnellArno PenziasCharles TownesJames Clerk MaxwellErwin Schrödinger

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Galaxies2026-01-061 minarXiv:2601.02812express
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Stellar2026-01-061 minarXiv:2601.03238express
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Stellar2026-01-061 minarXiv:2601.03344express
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Stellar2026-01-061 minarXiv:2601.03354express
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Quantum Physics2026-01-071 minarXiv:2601.03975express
A Magnetometer That Listens to Diamonds
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Exoplanets2026-01-081 minarXiv:2601.04793express
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General Relativity2026-01-121 minarXiv:2601.07179express
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Atomic Physics2026-01-131 minarXiv:2601.08487express
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Quantum Physics2026-01-142 minarXiv:2601.09115express
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Inside every rubidium-87 atom there is a tiny magnet — the nuclear spin and the electron spin. In a strong external field, these little magnets stop influencing each other and align independently, like two separate compasses.
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Strongly Correlated2026-01-141 minarXiv:2601.09221express
Magnetism Takes a Hit from Current
An ordinary magnetic compass freezes when lightning strikes nearby. A sudden jump in the magnetic field throws the needle off. A similar problem has been hindering scientists trying to measure magnetism in strong pulsed fields: those that switch on for a thousandth of a second. The new setup tackles this with a laser beam.
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Stellar2026-01-152 minarXiv:2601.10818express
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Superconductivity2026-01-152 minarXiv:2601.10838express
Magnetic Field Under Pressure: Seeing the Invisible
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Stellar2026-01-182 minarXiv:2601.12546express
Magnetic Fields Are Born in the Dance of Stars
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High Energy2026-01-191 minarXiv:2601.13356express
The Shadow of a Black Hole and Its Invisible Tail
Radio telescopes scattered across the globe pick up waves from distant black holes. But two telescopes placed almost side by side see only a blurry blob — fine details are beyond them. Usually, such pairs are considered useless and discarded. But that's a mistake: even a blurry blob holds clues.
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Quantum Physics2026-01-211 minarXiv:2601.15263express
Why Superluminal Signals Tangle Time
According to the laws of physics, nothing can outrun light, otherwise for some observers the effect would occur before the cause. Artur Ekert and Andrzej Dragan showed that this situation creates an uncertainty resembling quantum indeterminacy.
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